Understanding the levels of human divine education, requires a deep Qur'anic anthropology, and one of the best verses that can achieve this purpose is the verses about the caliphate of Adam and his descent. According to some Islamic sources, his descent from the paradise to the worldly life was a certain fate that was set for him by God, and this certain fate was actually a part of the process of his creation and evolution. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, in the thoughts of Allameh Tabataba'I, answers this important question: what is the relationship between the divine caliphate and the descent of Adam into a world full of pluralities? The authors of this article believe that Islam's unique and specific attention to being in "Society" on the one hand, and reaching the ultimate perfection of human - The highest level of monotheism - on the other hand, are the pillars of a single truth. Based on Quranic evidence, the highest level of monotheism is achieved within the Society, and as long as man is not placed in social life based on monotheism, he will not reach his ultimate perfection.
Key words: "Caliphate of Adam", "Descent of Adam", "Divine Education", "Allameh Tabatabai", "Monotheistic Social Life"